Several years ago I read the Dutch book “Wetenschap of Willekeur” (1985) by A.A. Derksen, which (still!) is an excellent introduction to the philosophy of science. Can you read Dutch? Buy a copy! 🙂 The book contains one diagram which IMHO summarizes the (?) naturalistic conception of science pretty well, and for educational purposes I reproduced and translated it:
 
P.S.: I expect this blogpost to be covered by the Dutch right of citation (‘citaatrecht‘), please inform me if I’m wrong.